May 20th, 2020
By Lori Sallet
What’s at stake when we pave over, fragment and otherwise fail to protect North Carolina’s farmland from the disruptions of development?
American Farmland Trust’s new report demonstrates how developing farmland puts food security, the environment and our way of life in jeopardy.
5/20/2020, WASHINGTON, DC — Millions of acres of America’s agricultural land were developed or converted to uses that threaten farming between 2001 and 2016, according to “Farms Under Threat: The State of the States,” a new report by American Farmland Trust. The report’s Agricultural Land Protection Scorecard is the first-ever state-by-state analysis of policies that respond to the development threats to farmland and ranchland, showing that every state can, and must, do more to protect their irreplaceable agricultural resources.
“The State of the States” report shows the extent, location, and quality of each state’s agricultural land and tracks how much of it has been converted in each state using the newest data and the most cutting-edge methods. The Agricultural Land Protection Scorecard analyzes six programs and policies that are key to securing a sufficient and suitable base of agricultural land in each state and highlights states’ efforts to retain agricultural land for future generations. It offers a breakthrough tool for accelerating state efforts to make sure farmland is available to produce food, support jobs and the economy, provide essential environmental services, and help mitigate and buffer the impacts of climate change.
North Carolina’s farms are under severe threat, with its best land succumbing to development.
The report found that North Carolina was the second–most threatened in the nation due to the loss of agricultural land to poorly planned real estate development. Between 2001 and 2016, 732,000 acres of agricultural land were developed or compromised, 387,000 acres of which were “Nationally Significant,” or land best suited for growing food and crops.
“North Carolina’s farms are under some of the greatest threats of any state in the nation,” said Billy Van Pelt II, AFT senior director of external relations. “This report identifies the urgent need for action to protect this land that is critical for North Carolina’s agricultural economy and its ability to grow food and other crops. We’ve all witnessed the impacts of empty grocery store shelves in recent months – we must be vigilant in protecting our farms and ensuring that our food system is more secure and resilient.”
The hot spots for development were around Raleigh-Durham, Charlotte, Fayetteville, Greenville and Winston-Salem.
However, the threat is more than just urban sprawl. North Carolina’s agricultural land is disproportionately threatened by a new, more insidious kind of development discovered by AFT through this research, termed low-density residential, or LDR, land use.
Roughly 78% of the land developed or compromised in North Carolina fell into this category. LDR is insidious because it is not always immediately visible to communities and policy makers and therefore has yet to provoke a policy response. In North Carolina, LDR is five times more likely to be converted to urban and highly developed land use than other agricultural land.
LDR land use compromises opportunities for farming and ranching, making it difficult for farmers to get into their fields or travel between fields. New residents not used to living next to agricultural operations often complain about farm equipment on roads or odors related to farming. Retailers such as grain and equipment dealers, on which farmers rely, are often pushed out. Farmers can be tempted to sell out for financial reasons, or because farming just becomes too hard in the circumstances.
And lastly–but importantly–as older farmers near retirement they sell their properties, too often to non-farmers. This means that new and beginning farmers have a hard time finding land, threatening the very future of agriculture. More often than not, the land prices in these areas have been driven up by the encroaching development making it impossible for new farmers to afford to buy a farm.
Committed state action is an essential response to the loss of farmland and ranchland. Pursuing multiple approaches and linking them together is the most effective path. North Carolina ranked in the second quartile of states – having taken some action – to protect farmland according to the Agricultural Land Protection Scorecard.
Van Pelt added, “North Carolina has established policies to reduce property taxes for farmland owners, permanently protect farmland and create agricultural districts. These are important steps forward, but so much more needs to be done. We look forward to working with state leaders, land trusts, farm groups and others to protect North Carolina’s farmland, which is among the most productive and threatened in America.”
North Carolina is an agricultural state with $12.9 billion in annual revenues from farms and 10,362,000 acres of agricultural land. Roughly 59% of this agricultural land is considered “Nationally Significant” – a very high percentage – meaning that it is among the nation’s best land for growing food and crops.
North Carolina’s top agricultural products are poultry and eggs, hogs, and tobacco. Roughly 75,000 farmers and 96,000 farm workers are directly involved in the state’s agricultural economy.
To sign up for a Farms Under Threat webinar about North Carolina, click here.
For a brief summary of national results and connections with climate change, food security and the economy: National Media Release
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American Farmland Trust is the only national organization that takes a holistic approach to agriculture, focusing on the land itself, the agricultural practices used on that land, and the farmers and ranchers who do the work. AFT launched the conservation agriculture movement and continues to raise public awareness through our No Farms, No Food message. Since our founding in 1980, AFT has helped permanently protect over 6.5 million acres of agricultural lands, advanced environmentally-sound farming practices on millions of additional acres and supported thousands of farm families.